A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that transformssource code written in a computer language (the source language) into another computer language (the target language, often having a binary form known as object code). The most common reason for wanting to transform source code is to create anexecutable program.
The name "compiler" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-level programming language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language or machine code). A program that translates from a low level language to a higher level one is a decompiler. A program that translates between high-level languages is usually called a language translator, source to source translator, or language converter. A languagerewriter is usually a program that translates the form of expressions without a change of language.
A compiler is likely to perform many or all of the following operations: lexical analysis, preprocessing,parsing, semantic analysis, code generation, and code optimization.
The term compiler-compiler is sometimes used to refer to a parser generator, a tool often used to help create a compiler.
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